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“Microarray” refers to a microchip-based testing platform that allows high-volume, automated analysis of many pieces of DNA at once.
Microarrays can also be used to study the extent to which certain genes are turned on or off in cells and tissues. In this case, instead of isolating DNA from the samples, RNA (which is a transcript of the DNA) is isolated and measured.
Three basic types of microarrays: (A) Spotted arrays on glass, (B) self assembled arrays and (C) in-situ synthesized arrays.
There are four main steps to a DNA microarray analysis: Sample isolation/preparation, hybridization, washing, and image analysis. Hybridization occurs when the samples (target and control) bond to probes with a complementary sequence. The target sample refers to the treatment.