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The key difference between deletion and duplication of chromosome is that deletion of chromosome results in the loss of genetic material while duplication of chromosome results in the gain of extra copies of genetic material.
Chromosomes carry the genetic material of an organism. They are thread-like structures composed of DNA. They consist of nucleotide sequences. Changes or rearrangements can happen to the structure of the chromosomes due to various reasons.The effect of the chromosomal change depends on the size and location, and whether any genetic material is gained or lost. The major types of chromosomal rearrangements are translocation, deletion, duplication and inversions.